Mode 33

Therefore, the sages way of governing begins by
       Emptying the heart of desires,
       Filling the belly with food,
       Weakening the ambitions,
       Toughening the bones
                                              TTChing 3

My mode has become 33 these last three years
The median and and the mean also, just three numbers
A number of blogs that I thought might last perhaps longer than these papers

Your World

It is your world outside and in ours and who we are
See everything that is before you rain falls when you watch it go down

"I cannot tell how my ankles bend...nor whence the cause of my greatest wish." Walt Whitman

"Men argue, nature acts!" Voltaire

"There is nothing either good or bad but thinking makes it so." Shakespeare

Trillion Dollar Questions

We don't do things exactly as we have always done them.  People leave people grow and take over new functions.  Society mixes through.  This last finacial crisis the Federal Reserve created trillions of dollars to loan anybody they could taking anything offered for collateral.

Many different numbers but 13 billion is an amount made taking no interest loans and loaning it to the US government for low interest.  How could they do that? They couldn't it was this new generation here.  Things continue to hold together and houses continue to empty.

We are heading into 2012 and going nowhere.  When things got really bad they just created money from nothing and everyone went along.  We stopped making so many things if ships from China failed to arrive we would have serious problems.  They manipulate their currency to keep our prices cheap.  We move our production there and borrow our money to spend it again.

We owe them two trillion dollars?  What are they worth when the federal reserve can make seven trillion when they really want too.  They don't want to for any good reason and the funny reason is no one will go along.  We called what we did to survive this financial crisis.  Why cant we create seven trillion dollars again for a good reason and solve the worlds problems?  Call them moon bonds.

There is no reason we can't.  They did it for stupid reasons and everyone goes along.  So for what are we willing to bend the rules of reality?  When our banks fail?  It is our imagination that is corrupted.  We can imagine seven trillion reasons to fear and none to hope.

This may last, but a trillion years? could you google this then?

INTERGRATION OF WAR AFFECTED PEOPLE IN AN URBAN SETTING

The war in Bosnia and Herzegovina left an urban core populous with unique experience dealing with international non-governmental organizations (NGO’s).  The third sector in the former and current Yugoslavia lacks sustainable practice and management.  International organizations were more anxious to fund local initiatives than to find good information about the situation on the ground. New unsustainable yet well-financed initiatives were created, which removed human resources from competing and more sustainable initiatives, and created a social welfare loss in the third sector.  Three organizations working in urban settings will be discussed:

v      Youth House Zenica, Bosnia and Herzegovina working with youth aged 5-18.

v      Youth Club 96, Gornji Vakuf, Bosnia and Herzegovina working with former soldiers 18-30. 

v      Center for Nonviolent Conflict Resolution Nis, Yugoslavia dealing with a mixed group of member’s aged 16-35.

The organizations and urban settings described below cannot easily be compared to the average western urban experience.  In societies that have not experience warfare rates of 10 percent for depression and 8 percent for PTSD (Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder) would be considered troublesome[i].  The point being not only that the society under stress has more depressed people, but also that these depressed individuals have a larger peer group.   The affects of war are just beginning to be understood in a scientific manner and research is still at an early stage.  In Bosnia and Herzegovina there are currently numerous research projects under way trying to document the extent of “transition problems.”  Most in the field agree about one thing: a return to the status quo cannot be achieved in the short term.  How long?  How costly?  In what ways?  What are the consequences?  These are the questions that still need to be answered. Currently the United Nations has determined that they need to scale back their original goals of creating a multi-ethnic state in Kosovo in the short-term.  The stated priority of the responsible body for the international protectorate is to simply stop them from killing each other.  Currently less than half of the requested 6,000 UN police force has arrived.  KFOR (the acronym for the peace keeping force) has been formulated from the experience of UNPROFOR, IFOR and SFOR in Bosnia and the Dayton Peace Agreement, the supposed great success story of American foreign policy in 1995.  As Hoffmann states “It is difficult to interpret Dayton as being more than a construction aimed at giving the Clinton administration a “victory” that would last until the 1996 election-whatever happens afterwards-…”[ii]

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[i] isib?

[ii] Hoffman page 59

NGO Context

      Non-governmental organizations (NGOs) can spend as much as 10 billion dollars in a single year.[i]  In certain situation they have more money available than the United Nations.  In many instances certain governments feel more dollars will reach the intended purposes by dealing with the international NGO rather than the local federal government.  In the case of Serbia proper (Serbia minus Kosovo) this has certainly been the case in the past.  In order to work this way certain sacrifices have to be made.  There has been an international presence in Belgrade, which while small to start with has been deteriorating steadily.   Project selection for the most part has occurred from a distance.  Random visit has been the only feasible contact.  The NGO workers in Serbia are mostly local workers with little or no exposure to international organizations.  There was a rather alarming episode of a local NGO in Belgrade only producing material in the English language.  The situation in the Bosnian and Croatian Federation was markedly different.  There was a large international presence and projects for the most part where initiated and managed by international staff.  In the Serbian controlled parts of Bosnia there was a similar experience as that in Serbia proper, however this area will not be a focus of this research as it is so similar and represents an almost completely rural area.  The only exception is Banja Luka in the northern part of Bosnia.  The NGO community there has always had close ties with Belgrade and for our purposes will be considered an extension.  Where information is given about the history of these NGO communities in Serbia and Bosnia it must be understood that there was no corollary to the current third sector before the break up of Tito’s Yugoslavia.  In communist system the only non-governmental organization where the mountaineering groups and other similar loose associations and the idea of citizen action with out the direct support of the government was completely foreign.  The entire history of the NGO community in the former Yugoslavia spans less than ten years.  The international NGO arrived in an emergency situation and needed to train a new labor force.  They found very capable workers and due to the time and money constraints their introduction to the basic idea of the NGO as experienced in the west was limited.  International NGO workers were given sweeping tasks to complete and relative freedom in their general approach.  In an emergency response coordination of vehicle use is a higher priority than coordination of ideas.  This is not a condemnation of international NGOs, but a simple reality.  Safety of international workers is of primary concern of the NGO as is appropriate in the current environment.  An emergency project is by nature a constantly evolving process.  A good example of this is was the implementation, by the United Methodist Committee on Relief (UMCOR), of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees’ (UNHCR) emergency shelter project.  UMCOR began repairing several collective centers.  These for the most part were located in schools and other government structures providing supposedly temporary shelter for displaced persons.  Field workers identified the lack of service for the youth living within these centers.  While services to the this population were limited, for the workers on the ground the presence of idle and stressed youth was certainly more disturbing.  Services available in the urban field were generally not available to the displaced person, as they were seen by most of the native residence as the largest problem within the city.  Discrimination was in most cases strong enough to discourage the displaced population’s hope of integration in the short-term.  The UMCOR workers identified spaces within the collective centers that could be economically recreated as childcare centers.  Material excess from the general repair budget was used to create these areas.  These spaces where naturally tied to the newly open Youth House Zenica, which we will discuss later.               This example shows the common sense remedies inspired by the local work force in Bosnia.    In July of 1995 the UN safe haven Zepa fell to the Bosnian Serbs.  Five to ten thousand displaced persons were expected to arrive in Zenica, which was already overflowing.  UMCOR was asked to construct sanitation facilities for the tent city being created on the very edge of the urban field.  In this case it was the local government that came up with an innovative solutions to their own political problems.  By placing the new arrivals on the fringe of the urban field residence within the urban core would not be as affected by the large influx.  From these temporary tent cities the new arrivals would be later integrated in to the existing collective centers.  Lessons where learned from a similar arrival of displaced persons from Serbrenica a week early.  These arrivals were placed again in yet more government buildings within the urban core, which was a direct immediate hardship upon the community.   A lack of space within the urban core lead directly to the creation of the tent city concept seen throughout central Bosnia in 1995, which some later evaluated as the superior model.  There was a paradigm shift in the dialogical context of the international NGO worker, but it was the real-time problem solving skills of the local workers that made the tent city concept possible.  The workers came from private industry, academia and even the transitional government.    This was their first experience in the third sector and they accomplished the majority of the actual work being done.

        In Bosnia many thing were new; UNHCR for the first time was keeping an urban population from starving in Sarajevo, which was never their design.  The unsteadiness of international communities response to the crises in the former Yugoslavia is in stark contrast to the innovative work being created by the local work force through 1995.  With the Dayton agreement a new era is ushered in, that of the multinational contractors entering Bosnia, we will revisit this era later.  Hoffman describes the international communities response as a flip-flop practice of assigning blame.  At times the various Serbian militaries where seen as aggressors.  While at other times the situation was treated as a civil war.  At certain times each military manifestation was treated on equal terms, but the reality of the situation was that the majority of International NGOs were located and worked exclusively within the Republic of Bosnia, which contained the majority Moslem population and was seen by most casual observers as the victim of the war, civil or otherwise.  There was a paper and vocal neutrality, but there was a real and massive bias for one side.  Naturally the most experienced NGO workers in the region are from within the Republic of Bosnia.  These individuals accommodated this irrational position held by the international work force in the daily workings of the International NGO, officially neutral and quietly biased.  In most cases since this bias severed their own community this contradiction was seldom challenged by the local work force. 

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[i] UNHCR PUB NGO’s and UNHCR

Youth Club 96

In 1996 the implementing partner of UMCOR in the Gornji Vakuf (GV) Youth House project was the United Nations Office in Vienna Volunteer Project (UNOV).  This group of volunteers was based on a model the group coordinator developed in Pakrac, Croatia.  These volunteers worked directly in the community.  Project goals were very broad and included putting grassroots peace building on the agenda of the United Nations.  The idealism of the volunteer can be compared with the distortion to the long-term policies of the international NGOs and their failure to designs exit strategies.  UMCOR had a municipal rehabilitation project in GV sponsored by USAid, which insisted on spending money only on joint use buildings.  The project was in crisis as the project manager Julia Demichaelis described, “We are forbidden to install proper heating systems and effect other repairs because, at the moment, neither community feels emotionally prepared to share public housing. And quite frankly, I don't blame them.”  UMCOR decided to bring their new idea of  a sustainable youth house projects to GV.  UNOV had been interested in working with UMCOR as they also were looking for ways to expand their funding base.  The project was created on the dividing line between Moslems and Croatians.  The boarder of the Republic of Bosnia ran right through the middle of town.  This project like the one in Zenica was designed for youth between 5 and 18.  In all the youth house projects there was a larger number of younger children participating.  GV is a very small city with a pre-war population of 20,000.  There is a definite delineation of the urban field as it is so small.  Within the older urban youth population there was a growing resentment to the youth house.  A very visible project, the youth house, was bringing computers into town for the first time, but only for those under 19.  It must be understood that GV had a relatively low percentage of displaced persons other than those displaced within the community itself.  GV was also per capita the hardest hit location in Bosnia.  This conflict within a conflict developed into a civil war within a city exacerbated by outside influences.  One young man 19 years old, who was displaced from his family’s apartment on the current dividing line, made a direct challenge to the UNOV coordinator on behalf of his generation.  UNOV had programs for children through the youth house, projects for the elderly including visits and woodcutting, and projects for woman including the newly formed income generating sewing project, but there was no specific programs for the 18-30 age group.  The UNOV coordinator negotiated directly with the community and as to this question he had no response.  Immediately an excess in the budget was found to support an exploratory project.  The design of the UNOV project was to encourage initiatives from the community.  In the case of the UMCOR youth house project there was no specific initiative it simply seemed reasonable.  It allowed the UMCOR rehabilitation project to begin to start spending money on direct support of the community and a joint use facility.  Youth Club 96 was different and began with a gathering of old friends who had lived together on the current dividing line.  On each side of this line different currencies were used, such was the extent of the division.  The club developed into a music, media and video project.  The Club thrived in 1997 after a grant of 15,000 DEM from the Hailey Foundation based in Great Britain.  Cooperation was developed in Mostar through the Office for Security and Cooperation in Europe (OSCE).  The club made a documentary of their youth festival including dozens of youth organizations from the similarly divided Mostar.  A mixed musical group of Moslem and Croatians was formed and later performed throughout the youth house system.  Funding was later received from the IRC Umbrella grant (supported by OTI Office for Transitional Initiative a special branch of USAid) to cover the cost of the space being used.  This 20’ x 30’ space cost $800 a month due to its prime location on the dividing line.  Prices for these properties inflated immediately after the arrival of international NGOs and their concentration along that line.  Key assurances of continued funding was given by OTI in the fall of 1997.  However, the coordinator of the project who had originally formed the project and was the unifying force in the club relocated to Belgium.  He relocated to avoid serving in a nonintegrated military.  A second fact conspired to seal the fate of Youth Club 96 when the US government interpreted the Bosnian elections.  Funding priorities where shifted from the Republic of Bosnia to Herzegovina (the southern Croatian dominated area of Bosnia) and the Serbian controlled parts of Bosnia.  These areas were considered more radical and in greater need of local NGO creation, which was certainly a valid position.  The problem was the break-neck speed at which the money followed with the decision.  GV was located approximately 15 mile from the delineating line of the US government and OTI.  Despite the clubs strong connection with Mostar, the largest city in Herzegovina, funding for the club was terminated.  The members of the club who expected to have a longer transition period to a new funding source, found themselves ill prepared without their founding member.  The Club is currently a rug store.  The Youth Club represents the idea that a local NGO can be created and funded like an international NGO.  Basically a NGO in general receives money to do humanitarian missions.  There are no income activities as described above.  The only sustainable future for any international NGO is a steady flow of money from donors of all types, including foundations, governments, the United Nations and other sources.  This was the same reality for the Youth Club.  Unfortunately IRC had to work by OTI rules in order to administrate the well-financed umbrella grant.  The dialogical momentum of the income generation theory of local NGO sustainability had greatly influenced OTI’s decision-making process.  The youth club had no real results in this area aside from generating income for participating member in various innovative ways.  The mixed musical groups formed in the club did go on to work in the community.  The club simply failed to gain critical mass in its funding and failed as most NGOs created do.  This example is the exception to the rule in Bosnia.  The majority of the local NGOs created followed a model similar to the Youth House Zenica. 

        The three initiative created in the former Yugoslavia followed the following models:

v   Direct creation and support by international NGO’s

v   A local initiative creating a NGO with cooperation of an international organization.

v   A local initiative independently creating a local NGO without initial international support.

        These three models represent the majority of NGO creating activity since the destruction of Tito’s Yugoslavia in the 1990’s.  The practices outlined above created a third sector that is competitive where it should be cooperative; uncertainty and confusion have created a dialogical division between the international NGO and the local NGO.  The myth that there is a fundamental difference between a multi-million dollar NGO and a new local initiative meeting for the first time has been created by the international work force in the former Yugoslavia.  The third sector is but a mirror of the international community that is prone to shatter, as have the recent hopes for Kosovo.  Examples of the first two models were described above.  We will now leave the international community for a while and focus on an example of the third type of NGO creating activity.

Creation of the International NGO

 Funding for the international NGO comes from a variety of source from penny drives to multi-million dollar grants mainly from the G7 nations.  NGO have broad mandates and very subjective criteria for reporting progress.  The greatest amount of innovation to be found in the international NGO is in the area of evaluation.  The terminology changes with each new funding cycle because increasingly donors are looking for more objective evaluation models.  There is an unnatural strength in the organizations for developing evaluation models for funding proposals.  The reality for the international NGO is that funding for emergency projects are generally earned by reputation and proposal candy.  In the development phase there is a high requirement for professionalism.  The difficulty arises from the lack of objective queues of the transition period.  International contractors such as the International Management Group, based in Cleveland, came in direct competition with voluntary international NGOs.  A good litmus test for the start of the development phase is the arrival of these international contractors.  NGO which have developed large projects and large payrolls (both local and international) find exit strategies lacking.  The NGO needs to define a policy for withdrawal before they enter a country in order to obtain initial funding, but these policies tend to mirror the policies develop for peace keeping mission.  The original mandates for every international peace keepers that have operated in the former Yugoslavia has been extended.  During the transition phase in Bosnia, from the emergency phase to the developmental phase, NGOs need a new funding strategy to justify their continued presence.  In the environment in Bosnia it was much more reasonable to seek funding for one more year than to begin to think about dismantling a large organization that the international and local work force had created together.  In 1994 the strategy needed was created within the Bosnian international work force: International NGOs were needed to create local NGOs because there was no other organizations qualified.  This theory had a dialogical birth in the informal networking of the international NGO workers.  The evolution was fueled by a common fear of the international contractors.  IMG began implementing large projects in 1995 that where foreshadowed by there initial presence in 1994.

Youth House Zenica

The original UMCOR project was funded by UNHCR to address the integration of displaced persons into the local urban field.  The youth house was located in a former kindergarten and offered children from the age of five to eighteen the opportunity to attend various sections.  Language, music, art, dance and video are among the sections offered.  The enrollment was open to all interested.  The project included up to 23% displaced persons and a real amount of integration was accomplished.  As a response to these numbers a natural connection was created with the collective centers being maintained by UMCOR mentioned above.  Originally an effort was made to provide limited transportation to the Youth House, located in the center city, for displaced children.  Once spaces in the collective centers were created for similar activities as offered in the Youth House, this project began a separate “Outreach” project.  While being a perfectly reasonable project development in the emergency phase, that decision cut off the Youth House project off from a sizable displaced population within the urban field.  In the development phase the low percentage of displaced children became the main hurdle to funding the original goals of the Youth House.  Instead of realizing these difficulties it was suggested that the Youth House could be made a sustainable independent organization.  Several other international NGOs had been funded to create local NGO. The International Rescue Committee was awarded the UNHCR Umbrella grant that was designed to fund local NGOs through the experience and infrastructure of the international NGOs.  The UNHCR funding was reduced for the youth house project and UMCOR was forced to create innovation to overcome the cold hard percentage numbers.  The idea developed that the youth house should become a local independent NGO and this is what UMCOR received continued funding to achieve.  The specific plan outlined for sustainability was very vague.  The Youth House was expected to start generating income from their activities and eventually a small tuition might even be created to pay for the activities of the center.  This was the genesis of the proposal candy: income generation as applied in the Bosnian NGO experience.  In the actual implementation of this idea there was confusion about the definition of income generation.  On the fly a new aspect was developed.  It was reasoned that if the activities of children was to finance the cost of a youth center then the children should certainly have some greater incentive than low tuition.  In a hypothetical setting it seemed greater incentive would lead to greater innovation.  In the actual reality it was clear that any income earned by the children went into the common goal of supporting the family unit.  In the early stages of implementation of the program it was clear that the income generated would not be able significantly to support the operating budget of the center.  The funding level of the Youth House had been establish during the emergency phase at between fifty and one hundred thousand dollars.  This level of financing was maintained in 1995 despite the low displaced percentage.  By creating an innovation in the market place of income generation UMCOR was able to divert attention from the central problems of the project itself.  Granted this was not a calculated decision, but developed from the dialogical project design process.   A high percentage of the Youth House budget was required to finance this process.  It did not make much sense to create an account to gather the money for the Youth House and 90% of funds generated were dispersed to the participating children.  The largest customer for the Youth House “Shop” was groups of short-term volunteers who generated 10% of the yearly income.  In 1995 there were six of these groups.  After another year of the income-generating phase of the youth house projects, UMCOR did determine that their goals were not obtainable.  Based on the income generation model UMCOR was able to establish Youth Houses in four other cities within the Republic Of Bosnia.  Currently these centers are funded through UMCOR’s monetization[1] project, which imports American agricultural products for sale in Bosnia.  A part of the proceeds then goes to fund the activities of the youth house projects.  Critics have argued that this project amounts to dumping, these agricultural products are a product of US government subsidies for American farmers and tend to be a destabilizing force within the local bazaar economy.  No other significant source of funding has been identified by UMCOR for the youth house projects.

“Perhaps the sentiments contained in the following pages,

are not YET sufficiently fashionable to procure them

general favour; a long habit of not thinking a thing

WRONG, gives it a superficial appearance of being

RIGHT, and raises at first a formidable outcry in defense

of custom. But the tumult soon subsides. Time makes

more converts than reason.”[i]

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[1] “Monetization involves the importation and sale of US-produced agricultural commodities that are culturally and dietetically appropriate, and using the proceeds from the sale of the commodities to support humanitarian assistance and development programs. After a successful inaugural year in 1997 ($1.9 million was invested)…”from UMCOR’s web site updated 1999.

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[i] COMMON SENSE BY THOMAS PAINE

Waking Up to Kids

If I am wrong I am very good at being wrong, you see I do what I have to to get through and I've made it fine to here.  I know the notions I defend.  I wake up to children around.  They couldn't understand why sleep more.  Children swim in unknown quantities and soon and later we land on certain shores where you find these people beside you and all you know mostly is these people beside you and I know mostly you beside me.  You are one and you are two.  Be one more.  Find on we.

So we are not alone.  Where does life not move.  Go to the ocean with me and tell me of your wars.  Tell me how you win.  Tell me how they lose.  There is the oldest of customs we all share.  Breaking bread for others sharing bread for us.  This is the land of milk and honey find your promise land.  We'll be together again and it will be longer and will be stronger in these simple weaknesses we all share.  The world is changing too good to not realize what you pass you leave what you take you have.

As She Turned to Me

We are artists we create our own exsistence everything creatively creating
We see similar things
We know similar things

Love doesn't walk in love explodes life becomes reality
I have found happiness here I love everything happening right now
How much better it shall be things work out lights become enlivened

Music starts to pour I am enjoying rather most of this
Simple things we know simple things we are simple things we need

Growing Season

As the sun goes round where will it leave you in what is a perfect day when it would come
How good must good be what bad do you see
There is going to be snow you know it will come so

Of all the possible futures they're just not here right now
Down the avenues of your mind on a little walk though your head
Let me ask you this as you answer that a memory seed to grow

In harvest time for me
What is it now I see
When will it be done
And where come from

He could not speak his words and could only speak those words
Just so they would know the story only so he had told his telling
He and they were done with him for they all heard it so well

There's nothing to me I'm what you make me do
These words I don't know they are not mine I have no control
They are not what I want to hear but what I be

The story starts to take form in we
But it shall not last long come out and leave from me

The Same Days

She took him in several different ways simple confusion we all can understand
I wish you well with your spoils as I am well and take my toils
I asked her which sun she liked better, she shrugged, " I haven't seen enough to tell"

I am only a small fool that will never do anyone harm; I have no use for many things
A ruse of a muse on the ground floor where falling down is only a matter of height

Do you hear his song? No longer on paper listen it is the breeze

The amazement of resonance no one is taught that there is so much more than ever thought
Thought I knew where I was going and the wonders never care and paths never end
Smoke and the sun shines can you see it there as I say it here

And the road seems to forever be leading me to the end where I should be
Where I can no longer I myself to find ourselves alone and one
Standing upright the Extravagant Giant lost in this notion of time as confused as sustained

The Extravagant Giant Lumbers Forth

I will write until it is written and then I will be done with them
In any direction but one in a place of now
Anything you'd like to share do you think before you care

This will be finished very quickly and then where will we all go
It was not thought all the way through
Why would it finish now that's not what we did then

This will be finished very quickly we shall be gone soon enough
Well I fell much better now I feel good somehow
That little spider on the wall is welcome to this room an it doesn't seem to mind if I hang out too

Where everything fits content to be small where nothing needs a great size in a universe complete
It is freedom you have and love that you do why choose to blame
Will it stop the rain or take your pain? Your just wet nothing to regret

Attepting to do every perfect nothing one time and the simple way
And I would be finished enough

Euro Rail

There was a simple essence to the ticket to the continent.
Arrive downtown in the main station, walk around, find something stay
Find nothing go there is a train late to somewhere arrives somewhere early

They run on time generally and are warm to my experience
Often slept into Germany somewhere wake eat and return to more interesting places
Never really looked to find things there, Stephi Graf on outdoor televisions at the station
Outside the glass station a cathedral that towers exactly to the heavens above
I wasn't always sure where I was traveling alone

One positive if the Euro ends: the station beggars will once again be able to tell you where you are
As need would have them ask for the right currency if coins are not exchanged again

Opening Day

They say the deer has no natural predator left in Ohio.  I  have seen some in Pennsylvania.  What else would you call a person that could pierce the heart of a deer at 200 yards on a dead run.  A humanitarian and a natural predator.

Maybe it is because of the shot guns they use in Ohio; I don't know never hunted the woods.  The deer have changed I can tell you that.  When I was twelve it was expected to see one buck with several hundred doe and on multiple occasions.  At thirteen they stopped.  Ran across fifty; never saw group bigger than nine since.

That may be just a round number, but a good round number.  Hunted many years and have not hunted in many years.  Never served the ultimate function, but never wavered in the trail.  The last years either they have joined me here in the city or I have begun to notice them.

I drive the city as I once walked the woods.  I know their schedule only watch for them when they would be out and about.  Many things have changed in this world, but not so much the deer's daily schedule.  If you don't know deer maybe best way to explain is that they make many beds.  Most active in the morning and evening.

You know why the farmers stopped the hunter: they were seen as lazy.  A postmodern child could be understood to suppose as has been shown that it was easier.  Not a topic for opening day.  In Pennsylvania its a holiday and the schools close;  like a big government rally in eastern Europe.